Montreal Protocol's impact on the ozone layer and climate

Abstract. It is now recognized and confirmed that the ozone layer shields biosphere from dangerous solar UV radiation also important for global atmosphere climate. The observed massive depletion forced introduction of limitations on production halogen-containing ozone-depleting substances (hODSs) by Montreal Protocol its amendments adjustments (MPA). Previous research has demonstrated success increased public awareness necessity. In this study, we evaluate benefits climate evolution using Earth system model (ESM) SOCOLv4.0 (modeling tools studies SOlar Climate Ozone Links) which includes dynamic modules ocean, sea ice, interactive ozone, stratospheric aerosol. Here, analyze results numerical experiments performed with without substance (ODS) emissions. experiments, have used CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) SSP2-4.5 SSP5-8.5 (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway) scenarios future forcing behavior. We confirm previous regarding catastrophic substantial warming in case MPA limitations. show effects consist additional global-mean up to 2.5 K 2100 caused direct radiative effect hODSs, comparable large obtained scenario. For first time, reveal dramatic chemical species cloud cover. response surface temperature, precipitation, sea-ice fields was time tropospheric chemistry. found some differences compared prescribed should be further addressed. Our updates complements modeling quantifying terrestrial